关于征求金阳民警团购房集中供暖方式的意见
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【发布时间】：2010-12-06 【发布人】：杨睿莎 【部门】：厅警务保障部
按厅党委要求将金阳民警商品房建设成高质量、高档次的生活小区，需提供集中供暖，建房办就集中供暖问题先后到省委、省政府、市政府、贵阳医学院及贵医附属医院等单位进行了实地考查，并从北京请来相关专家进行论证，也与各供暖设备商进行了接触。目前市场上成形的供暖主要有空气源热供暖、地源热供暖、水源热供暖、天燃气（煤气）锅炉水暖、太阳能取暖等方式。省委、省政府、市政府采用的是煤气锅炉水暖方式。省委新办公楼、贵阳医学院附属医院采用的污水源热供暖。
1、智能直流变频中央空调。目前使用较为广泛的一种取暖方式，利用电力将主机内的压缩机把制冷剂压缩直接输送到室内机蒸发，通过风机跟空气换热来达到制热（冷）的效果。安装管路简单、节省空间，布置灵活、能效比高、运行管理方便、维护简单。但初投资较高、运行费用也偏高，高层建筑受管路长短限制衰减较大，冬季受室外温度影响衰减较大，冬季室内机换热温度比较高，很容易蒸发掉室内水蒸气，造成室内空气干燥，舒适度不高，管路系统故障不易查询排除；
2、燃气锅炉水暖供热系统。有成功的运作模式，省委、省政府、市政府使用集体供暖费用过高的主要原因是使用区域过大，管道布置过长热能消耗过大，使用的暖气片为铸铁材料保温效果差，办公区域浪费较大。前期投资低，制热效果稳定，为独立的热源，冬季制热不受室外天气影响，一套系统能满足整栋大楼需求，效果可以保证。但运行费用可能偏高，一个采暖季（120天）约30元/㎡。
3、空气源水泵分户中央空调，系统相对较简单；初投资相对较省，能效比较高、节能性好（主机能根据室内负荷自动调节主机输出功率）；冬季室内机换热温度比较低，易保证室内空气湿度，保证空调舒适性能；管路系统故障查询简单；系统管路无安装长度限制。但夏季、冬季需要向环境排放大量的热量和冷量，容易产生城市热岛现象，冬季受室外温度影响存在一定能力衰减，无法保证使用效果，且机组使用12至15年后必须更换。
4、水源热泵中央空调。投资较低，制冷、制热效果稳定，并且采用天然水源中的能量作为补充，是现在空调形式中最为环保节能的空调形式，冬季室内机换热温度比较低，易保证室内空气湿度，保证空调舒适性能，室内管路系统故障查询较简单。但对于地下水的需求量较大，依照目前的技术，能够完全回灌换热后的地下水是十分困难的，一般情况下，会有30%-40%的地下水回灌不到地下而被白白浪费了，久而久之，地下水的含量就会降低，在影响机组制冷制热的同时，很有可能会引起地面的整体下沉，从而破环土壤的原有地质情况，同时无法保证地下水源会否枯竭，并贵阳市节水办会否同意办理相关手续还无法肯定。
5、地源热泵中央空调。制冷、制热效果稳定，并且采用天然土壤中的能量做为补充，是现在空调形式中最为环保节能的空调形式，冬季室内机换热温度比较低，易保证室内空气湿度，保证空调舒适性能。但系统较复杂，维护费用高，需要利用大面积的土壤与地埋管进行换热，系统稳定性差，室外管路故障难排除。且依据金阳气候条件冬季使用暖气的人群比夏季使用冷气的人群多，在冬季从土壤中将提取热量后注入地表外的冷空气，夏季因使用的用户少无法向土壤中注入热气，时间稍长地下土壤就会，出现冻土现象，破坏土壤的温度平衡，使得空调效果降低。
6、太阳能供热前期投入成本高，铺设吸阳板面积需要过大，且我省太阳能辐射量为全国最低，仅为全国平均值的一半，年平均日照时数为1200小时左右，无法有效地提供热能。
12月6日，厅领导召集纪委、机关党委、法制局、警保部以及有关专家，集中讨论金阳团购房供暖方式问题。依据市场调查与各供暖厂商的接洽，综合考虑投入成本、使用效果、维护管理等因素。认为：电能直流空调，虽运用较多，但初投资较大，且每运行耗电量大费用较高，且冬季制热效果受室外低温天气影响大，室内易干燥舒适度不高，国家也不提倡；空气源、水源、地源、太阳能空调系统均为新能源取暖方式，非常节能环保，国家提倡并可申请部分补贴，但贵州地区普及面不大，加上我厅小区面积过大，容积率过高，效果没有保证，风险性较大；燃气锅炉运行费用偏高，但初期投入较低（我厅不用增加投资费用），且贵阳市天燃气管道在未来五年内全部铺设完毕，金阳尤其优先，气量有保证，效果没问题，环境污染小，风险也较小。
最后，会议一致倾向于使用效果稳定、可靠、成熟的燃气锅炉。如广大民警对集中供暖方式有其它更好的建议及不同意见，可于2010年12月25日前向建房办回馈。
建房办电话：5904843
二〇一〇年十二月六日
Opinions on Soliciting Centralized Heating Methods for Jinyang Police Group Buying Houses
[Release time]: 2010-12-06 [Publisher]: Yang Ruisha [Department]: Police Security Department
According to the requirements of the party committee of the department, the Jinyang police commercial housing should be built into a high-quality, high-end living area, and central heating needs to be provided. The housing construction office has successively visited the provincial party committee, the provincial government, the municipal government, Guiyang Medical College and the affiliated medical institution on the issue of central heating. Hospitals and other units conducted on-the-spot investigations, invited relevant experts from Beijing to conduct demonstrations, and also contacted various heating equipment manufacturers. At present, the heating forms in the market mainly include air source heat heating, ground source heat heating, water source heat heating, natural gas (gas) boiler water heating, solar heating and other methods. The provincial party committee, the provincial government, and the municipal government adopt the gas boiler water heating method. The new office building of the Provincial Party Committee and the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College adopt sewage source heat for heating.
- Intelligent DC inverter central air conditioner. At present, it is a widely used heating method, which uses electricity to compress the refrigerant in the host machine to directly transport the refrigerant to the indoor unit for evaporation, and exchange heat with the air through the fan to achieve the heating (cooling) effect. Simple installation pipeline, space saving, flexible layout, high energy efficiency ratio, convenient operation and management, and simple maintenance. However, the initial investment is relatively high, and the operating cost is also relatively high. High-rise buildings are limited by the length of the pipeline, and the attenuation is relatively large. In winter, the attenuation is relatively large due to the influence of outdoor temperature. In winter, the heat exchange temperature of indoor units is relatively high, and it is easy to evaporate indoor water vapor, causing The indoor air is dry, the comfort level is not high, and the failure of the pipeline system is not easy to check and troubleshoot;
- Gas boiler water heating system. There is a successful operation mode. The main reason for the high cost of collective heating used by the provincial party committee, the provincial government, and the municipal government is that the area used is too large, the pipeline layout is too long and the heat energy consumption is too large, and the radiators used are made of cast iron. Area waste is large. The initial investment is low, the heating effect is stable, and it is an independent heat source. The heating in winter is not affected by the outdoor weather. One system can meet the needs of the entire building, and the effect can be guaranteed. However, the operating cost may be high, about 30 yuan/㎡ for a heating season (120 days).
- Air source water pump household central air conditioner, the system is relatively simple; the initial investment is relatively low, energy efficiency is relatively high, and energy saving is good (the host can automatically adjust the output power of the host according to the indoor load); the heat exchange temperature of the indoor unit is relatively low in winter, It is easy to ensure the indoor air humidity and the comfort performance of the air conditioner; the fault query of the pipeline system is simple; the system pipeline has no installation length limit. However, in summer and winter, a large amount of heat and cold needs to be discharged to the environment, which is prone to urban heat island phenomenon. In winter, there is a certain capacity attenuation due to the influence of outdoor temperature, and the use effect cannot be guaranteed, and the unit must be replaced after 12 to 15 years of use.
- Water source heat pump central air conditioner. The investment is low, the cooling and heating effects are stable, and the energy in natural water sources is used as a supplement. It is the most environmentally friendly and energy-saving air-conditioning form in the current air-conditioning form. Comfort performance, indoor piping system fault query is relatively simple. However, there is a large demand for groundwater. According to the current technology, it is very difficult to completely recharge the groundwater after heat exchange. Under normal circumstances, 30%-40% of the groundwater will not be recharged underground and will be wasted. Yes, over time, the content of groundwater will decrease. While affecting the cooling and heating of the unit, it is likely to cause the overall subsidence of the ground, thereby destroying the original geological condition of the soil. At the same time, it is impossible to guarantee whether the groundwater source will be exhausted. It is still uncertain whether the Guiyang Water Conservation Office will agree to go through the relevant procedures.
- Ground source heat pump central air conditioner. The cooling and heating effects are stable, and the energy in the natural soil is used as a supplement. It is the most environmentally friendly and energy-saving air-conditioning form in the current air-conditioning form. However, the system is complex, the maintenance cost is high, and a large area of soil needs to be used for heat exchange with buried pipes. The stability of the system is poor, and it is difficult to troubleshoot outdoor pipeline failures. And according to the climate conditions of Jinyang, there are more people who use heating in winter than those who use air-conditioning in summer. In winter, the heat is extracted from the soil and injected into the cold air outside the surface. In summer, because there are few users, it is impossible to inject hot air into the soil. If the underground soil grows, the phenomenon of frozen soil will appear, which will destroy the temperature balance of the soil and reduce the effect of air conditioning.
- The initial investment cost of solar heating is high, and the area of the sun-absorbing panels needs to be too large, and the solar radiation in our province is the lowest in the country, which is only half of the national average. The annual average sunshine hours are about 1200 hours, which cannot effectively Provide heat.
On December 6, the leaders of the department convened the Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Party Committee of the Government Office, the Legal Affairs Bureau, the Police and Security Department, and relevant experts to discuss the heating method of Jinyang group buying houses. According to market research and contacts with various heating manufacturers, factors such as input cost, use effect, maintenance and management are considered comprehensively. It is believed that although electric energy DC air conditioners are widely used, the initial investment is large, and the cost of electricity consumption per operation is high, and the heating effect in winter is greatly affected by the low temperature outside, and the indoor is easy to dry and the comfort is not high. Not advocated; air source, water source, ground source, and solar air-conditioning systems are all new energy heating methods, which are very energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The state advocates and can apply for partial subsidies, but the popularity in Guizhou is not large, and the area of our office is too large. The floor area ratio is too high, the effect is not guaranteed, and the risk is relatively high; the operating cost of the gas boiler is high, but the initial investment is low (our department does not need to increase the investment cost), and the natural gas pipelines in Guiyang City will be laid in the next five years. Yang is especially preferred, with guaranteed gas volume, no problem in effect, less environmental pollution, and less risk.
In the end, the meeting unanimously favored the use of gas-fired boilers with stable, reliable and mature effects. If the general police have other better suggestions and different opinions on the central heating method, they can give feedback to the Housing Construction Office before December 25, 2010.
Housing Construction Office Tel: 5904843
December 6, 2010