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转发这份广东省政府公报的目的就在于，广东省长朱森林的这份讲话，可以证实，朱镕基，张高丽，林树森三人的派系关系。
省政府公报 > 1996年 > 第1期
抓好两个根本转变 做好明年经济工作
——朱森林省长在全省经济工作会议上的讲话（摘要）
（一九九五年十二月二十一日）
粤府字[1995]56号
同志们：
这次全省经济工作会议的主要任务，是贯彻中央经济工作会议精神，研究和部署我省1996年的经济工作。谢非同志在会议结束时还要作重要讲话，现在，我先讲几个问题。
一、认真学习领会中央经济工作会议精神，认清形势，明确要求
1995年12月5日至7日，党中央、国务院在北京召开中央经济工作会议，在家的中央政治局常委、中央有关部门主要负责同志及各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市的党政主要负责同志等出席了会议。我省参加会议的有我和张高丽副省长及计委主任林树森同志，这是一次十分重要的会议。会议的主要任务是贯彻党的十四届五中全会精神，研究和部署1996年的经济工作。会议开始时，江泽民总书记作了《统一思想，齐心协力，奋发进取，讲求实效，做好明年经济工作》的重要讲话，李鹏总理作了《做好明年经济工作，为“九五”创造良好开端》的重要讲话；会议结束时，朱镕基副总理作了《再接再励，做好明年经济工作》的总结讲话。中央领导同志的讲话，充分肯定了今年经济建设所取得的重大成就，实事求是地指出当前经济工作中存在的问题，在高瞻远瞩地分析国内外形势的基础上，提出了明年经济工作的总体要求和主要任务，完全符合我国的实际，具有很强的指导性，为我们做好明年的经济工作指明了方向。会议的主要精神是：
（一）分析了今年全国的经济形势。
会议认为今年全国的经济形势总的是好的，国民经济保持了持续、快速、健康发展势头。通货膨胀得到初步抑制，物价幅明显回落，农业获得较好收成，主要农产品全面增产。工业生产在结构调整中稳步发展。固定资产投资增幅明显回落，重点建设得到进一步加强，财政金融形势保持平稳。国内市场持续繁荣活跃。以国有企业改革为中心的各项经济体制改革取得了新的进展。对外贸易和利用外资进一步扩大。城乡居民实际收入稳定增长，储蓄存款增加。
会议在充分肯定成绩的同时，指出经济生活中依然存在不少困难和问题。一些深层次矛盾并没有得到根本缓解，显露和潜伏着的问题仍很多，如经济结构还不合理。物价总水平仍比较高。农业依然是国民经济最薄弱的环节，部分国有企业生产经营困难，经济秩序比较混乱，财政纪律松弛，对这些问题决不可低估，不能疏忽大意，掉以轻心。
（二）提出了明年经济工作的总体要求和主要宏观调控目标。
会议确定，1996年经济工作的总体要求是：坚持邓小平同志建设有中国特色社会主义理论和党的基本路线，贯彻“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的基本方针，正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系，积极推进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变，认真实施科教兴国战略，继续加强农业基础地位，搞好国有企业改革和发展，加强和改善宏观调控，进一步降低物价上涨幅度，努力提高对外开放水平，促进国民经济持续、快速、健康发展和社会全面进步，为全面实现”九五”计划各项任务奠定良好基础。
会议强调，明年和今后经济工作中一定要紧紧抓好经济体制和经济增长方式转变这个关键环节，这是中央在全面分析我国经济和社会发展现状及其客观趋势基础上作出的重大决策，要求各级领导同志都要明确认识这两个根本性转变的主要内涵、基本要求和重大意义，以及它们的相互关系，真正增强自觉性和紧迫感，切实体现到明年和今后经济工作的各个方面中去，务必在“九五“期间取得明显进展。
（三）明确了1996年经济工作的主要任务
会议确定明年经济工作的重点有四个方面：
一是继续加强农业的基础地位，在领导精力、工作部署和计划安排上都要体现真正地而不是口头上把农业摆在首位。要坚持和完善党在农村的基本政策，深化农村改革，解决影响农民积极性的突出问题，包括适当提高定购粮价格，稳住化肥价格，减轻不合理负担，多渠道增加农业投入，力争农业生产有新的增长。
二是切实加快国有企业改革步伐，继续抓好建立现代企业制度的试点工作，搞好各项配套改革，着眼于从整体上搞好国有经济，积极推动国有资产的合理流动和重组，搞好大型企业和企业集团，放开放活一般国有小型企业，务求企业改革取得较大突破和进展。
三是加强和改善宏观调控，继续把抑制通货膨胀作为表观调控的首要任务，实行适度从紧的财政政策和货币政策，调整结构，着力治“散”，确保重点，理顺和规范收入分配关系，整顿财经纪律，打击经济犯罪，创造良好的经济环境和经济秩序。
四是努力提高对外开放水平，把扩大对外开放的着重点切实放到优化结构和提高效益上未，明年继续调整和完善进出口税收政策：第一，进一步降低关税税率，力争用两年时间把关税税率降到相当于发展中国家的一般水平，国时，原则上停止进口关税和进口环节税的减免：第二，进一步调低出口货物退税率，新退税办法要做到足额退税，同时用两年时间还清原积累的退税欠款：第三，对加工贸易实行进口料件保证金台帐监管制度，会议还强调要把经济特区办得更好。
全省各级领导要认真学习江泽民、李鹏、朱镕基同志的重要讲话，把思想进一步统一到中央的方针、政策上来，统一到中央经济工作会议的精神上来，认清实现两个根本转变的紧迫性，增强搞好改革与发展的信心.在新的一年，要按照中央的要求，集中精力抓好经济建设，抓好改革开放，抓好精神文明建设和党的建设。要发扬党的艰苦奋斗的优良传统，牢记党的群众观点、群众路线，坚持勤俭节约，反对形式主义、官僚主义、奢侈浪费、以权谋私等至风，脚踏实地，真抓实干，深入实际，深入群众，搞好调查研究，落实各项措施，扎扎实实贯彻好中央经济工作会议精神，完成1996年的各项任务。
二、今年我省经济工作的基本情况
今年，广东与全国一样，总的经济形势是好的。全省各级党委、政府认真贯彻党中央、国务院关于“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的基本方针，牢年把握改革、发展、稳定的相互关系，加强和改善宏观调控，积极推进各项改革，广泛开展“质量效益年”活动，着力提高经济增长的质量和效益，国民经济保持稳键发展，主要经济指标基本达到年初预定目标。预计全年国内生产总值比去年增长15%左右。
（一）宏观调控基本达到目标，预计全年社会消费品零售总额比去年增长24.2%：全年商品零售价格总指数升幅12%左右，比去年低近7个百分点，也低于年初提出13%的调控目标.固定资产投资比去年增长13%，增幅回落18.4个百分点。投资结构继续得到改善，30项重点工程建设进展比较顺利，8个全投项目可如期完成，其中广梅汕铁路提前一年全面开通营运。财税收入持续增长，全年工商税收预计增长17.5%，地方财政收入增长20.6%.货币信贷运行情况较好。全年安置45万失业人口再就业，预计年末城镇失业率在2.2%左右。
（二）改革开放取得新的进展。全省13767户国有企业清产核资工作已基本结束并转入产权界定阶段。企业内部劳动用工制度改革进展较快，95%的职工实行了劳动合同制。建立现代企业制度的250家试点企业已有112家通过方案并付诸实施.组建50个综合性大企业集团的初选工作已经展开，以养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险、医疗制度为重点的改革步伐加快，社会保障的覆盖面进一步扩大。政府机构改革、农村股份合作制、县级和小城镇综合改革等都取得了阶段性成果。
外经贸工作在新问题新情况下取得新成绩，预计全年出口比去年同期增长17.9%；预计新签利用外资合同近7000宗，实际利用外资116亿美元，比去年同期增长1.2%，其中1000万美元以上的项目400个。农业和高新技术产业利用外资有新的进展。
区域间、省际间的横向经济联合进一步加强，建立了粤东与闽西南、赣东南10市（区）经济协作区；开拓西南、东北市场成果喜人；对口支援西藏林芝地区和四川巫山县的工作取得好成绩。
（三）农业的基础地位得到进一步加强。全年全社会对农业的投入逾600亿元，其中投入农田水利建设56.3亿元，粮食生产进一步得到重视，全年粮食种植面积5052.5万亩，比去年增加93.4万亩，春夏秋三造全面丰收，单产355公斤，创历史最高纪录，总产1793.2万吨，比去年增加130.5万吨，超过了省政府下达的播种面积5000万亩和总产1750万吨的责任目标。“三高”农业出现向规模化、企业化和外向型发展的新趋勢，林、牧、副、渔各业全面增产增收。有22个县（区）通过了小康达标验收。完成了石灰岩地区14万人的搬迁工作。预计全年农业总产值比上年增长5.7%；农民人均纯收入达到2650元，比上年增加468元。
（四）工业生产的质量效益有所提高。预计全年工业总产值9330亿元，比上年增长25%。工业产品产销率为95%。1-10月预算内国有工业企业综合经济效益指数为110.96%。省政府年初提出全省工业增长的质量和效益10项量化指标中，有5项超额完成，3项基本达到，全省100户扭亏重点企业目前已有10户扭亏为盈，28户大幅度减亏。全国工业综合评价最优500家企业中我省有73户。
此外，在依靠科技进步方面也做了大量工作，全省投入47.2亿元实施258个“星火”和“火炬”计划项目，1995年科技进步对经济增长的贡献率进一步提高。
在肯定已经取得的成绩的同时，我们也必须清醒地看到，我省在经济运行中还存在不少突出问题：一是部分企业经济效益不好，全省预算内国有企业1-11月累计亏损额和亏损面分别增长47.2%和7.8%，这既有外部环境问题，也有自身管理问题。二是资金仍然紧缺，一方面贷款增量不足，另一方面资金沉淀严重，多角债问题突出，资金使用效益不高。三是地区经济发展不平衡，按新标准，全省还有80万人要解决脱贫问题。四是外贸出口由于退税指标不足，税率调整，一些企业出现亏损，下半年出口增幅下降，五是经济犯罪分子利用广东口岸进行非法套汇、骗退税等违法犯罪行为，干扰了经济秩序。对以上问题，我们必须高度重视，认真加以解决。
三、1996年经济工作的主要指标和任务
根据党的十四届五中全会、中央经济工作会议和省委七届四次全体扩大会议精神，初步安排明年全省经济工作的主要指标要求是：国内生产总值增长11%左右；农业总产值增长5%；工业总产值增长18%；社会消费品零售总额增长20%；财政收入增长10%；物价涨幅控制在10%以内；固定资产投资额和出口总额均与今年持平。这样的安排，主要是既考虑到全国宏观经济的大环境，又注意到与我省“九五”计划的要求相一致；既要体现积极进取的精神，又要讲求实效，有利于创造一个比较宽松的环境。
做好“九五”计划第一年的工作至关重要，我们要认真贯彻中央提出的1996年经济工作的总体要求，紧紧抓住经济体制和经济增长方式这两个根本性转变，坚持以提高经济增长的质量和效益为中心，强化基础，深化改革，搞好调控，努力使经济工作有一个好的开局，为全面完成“九五”计划创造良好的开端，明年经济工作必须着重抓好以下几个方面：
第一，进一步强化农业基础地位，努力使农村经济有更大的发展。
农业是经济稳定和社会稳定的重要基础，是全部经济工作的重点和难点，全省上下要真正把加强农业放在发展国民经济的首位。各级党政一把手，特别是县委书记、县长必须把主要精力放在农业和农村工作上，分管其他工作的领导同志也要更多地支持农业各级在研究部署经济工作和制定计划时，首先要安排好农业。按照中央的要求，今后考核各级领导班子的工作，首先要看农业发展如何，农民收入增加多少，农村是否稳定。
粮食生产是“重中之重”，明年要在“稳定面积，提高单产，增加总产”上下功夫，全年粮食播种面积要稳定在5000万亩，总产力争达到360一370亿斤，要大力推广良种良法，继续抓好改造低产田，改善生产条件，努力提高单产。要把信宜、潮安县这些山区县实现“吨谷县”的经验推广到全省，力争有更多的县进入“吨谷县”行列。树立“大粮食”观念，大力发展以玉米为主的旱粮作物，全年种植玉米150万亩以上。
要积极实施“科教兴农”战略，不断推广高新技术和农业科技成果，实行集约化、规模化、科学化、农工贸一体化的“四化”经营。在抓好第一批43个农业龙型企业的基础上明年再发展第二批龙型企业。抓好农、林、牧、渔商品基地建设，在“一镇一品”的基础上向“一县数品”发展，做到区域性布局，规模化生产。继续推进农业利用外资的工作，推动全省农业向“三高”、“四化”方向发展。
要千方百计增加对农业的投入。各级政府要进一步落实中央和省制定的加强农业的各项措施，尽可能提高农业、水利投资的比重，并积极引导二、三产业加强对农业的支持，逐步形成以工补农、以工建农、以工带农的机制。农民是增加对农业投入的主体，要进一步落实谁投资、谁受益的政策，采取多种方法、多种形式吸收农村闲散资金，充分利用劳动力的优势增加劳动积累。还要积极争取国家银行增加农业和农村信贷投入，争取利用国际金融组织、外国政府贷款。
要打好明后两年扶贫攻坚战，重点抓好石炭岩地区、少数民族地区和水库移民的扶贫，使80万人的绝对贫困问题基本得到解决。同时扶助年集体经济纯收入不足3万元的管理区发展集体经济。
要充分调动农民的积极性，切实解决好农民负担过重的问题，千方百计增加农民收入，同时，积极探索促进农业发展的新机制，有条件的地方，可按照自愿的原则，鼓励用土地使用权入股或有偿转让等方式，引导土地向种田能手集中，促进土地适度规模经营。明年全省要创办一些合作制形式的现代化大型种养殖场。乡镇企业要逐步改造成为股份合作制企业或股份有限公司。
第二，积极推进以国有企业改革为重点的各项改革。
（一）按照“抓大放小”的思路，搞好“三改一加强”，加大公有制企业改革力度。全省250个建立现代企业制度试点企业，要按照“产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学”的要求，加快试点步伐，务必在解决重点和难点问题上取得较大突破，试点方案所确定的基础性工作，在明年底前要大部分完成，要把深化企业改革同改组、改造和加强内部管理结合起来，同转变经济增长方式结合起来，同加强企业的思想政治工作结合起来，进一步转换经营机制，全面提高企业的质量和效益，提高职工的思想素质和业务素质。
要根据着力于搞好整个国有经济、优化国有资产分布结构的要求，明确国有经济发展的重点领域、重点行业和重点企业，调整和优化产业结构、产品结构，提高经济增长的整体素质。要在进一步提高电子、家用电器、食品、轻纺、医药等传统轻型工业素质的同时，适度发展汽车制造、石油化工、钢铁、机械设备等以现代技术武装起来的重化骨干项目，坚决淘汰耗能大、污染严重、经济效益差的产业和产品。要切实把“扶优扶强”的政策措施落到实处，使那些确有效益的产业、产品成为新的经济增长点。争取每年创出50-100个“广货”名牌，争取明年认定10个左右的高新技术名牌产品。
要集中力量重点抓好一批关系国民经济命脉、体现全省总体经济实力的大型企业和企业集团，按照市场经济规律的要求和国际竞争的新特点，在企业自愿和政府引导相结合的原则下，以现有素质高、效益好、潜力失的国有大中型企业为基础，以龙头企业为依托，以资产关系为纽带，以比较利益为动力，采取联合、兼并、收购、参股、控股等形式打破行业、地区、内外贸界限，扩大其规模，形成规模经济优势和实现规模效益。争取在今后几年内建设50个左右的大型企业集团，明年要初步形成10个产值30-100亿元的企业集团。
要放开放活一般国有小企业。对国有小企业的改革，要推广顺德、肇庆、中山等地企业产权改革和深圳康佳集团兼并互补性强的困难企业的经验，坚持以提高经济效益为中心，以公有制为主体，按经济规律办事，开展产权流动、企业重组和产业调整。可从实际出发，采取不同的改革形式：（1）合并、兼并。将多个具有互补关系的企业经资产评估作价，组建成有限责任公司或股份有限公司；或通过优势企业购买劣势企业、优势企业出资对劣势企业控股、劣势企业以资产折股向优势企业参股等。（2）股份合作制。对于规模较小、盈利水平较低的企业，可实行股份合作制。（3）租赁经营。在保证企业所有制不变的前提下，企业所有者可将企业资产整体或划出一部分出租给承租者。（4）出售、转让。允许企业所有者将企业资产的全部或部分以协议或拍卖的方式实行有偿转让、出售，但出售的资产（包括无形资产）必须经有资格的中介机构进行评估，出售的价格一般要通过市场或招标确定，收购款原则上要一次性付清。（5）嫁接改造。企业可投入全部资产与外商或内商合资，或投入部分固定资产和员工与外资成内资嫁接；还可选择一个行业或一批相关联的企业对资源进行统一配置，嫁接外资或内资进行改造。（6）抵押承包，对小企业、小门店，在企业财产所有权不变的情况下，可以在一定时期内有偿将企业的经营权让给承包者经营。（7）易地改造，利用级差地租，对地处市区繁华路段的亏损困难企业的厂区拍卖或开发房地产，筹集资金在市郊择地建厂。（8）破产：对产品无前景、亏损严重、资不抵債、扭亏无望的企业，依法实行破产。总之，要大力推进公有小企业的改革，争取明年全者有50%左右的公有小企业完成转制改造，后年基本完成。在进行这项工作时一定要精心组织，有步骤、有秩序地进行，防止一供而起，避免国有资产流失，并要切实解决好富余职工的生活出路问题。
（二）把深化政府机构改革和建立权贵明确的新型国有资产管理、监督和营运体系结合起来，促进政企分开，实现政府职能转变，要通过改革，实现“三个分开”：（1）政府的社会经济管理者职能和国有资产所有者职能分开，（2）国有资产管理职能和国有资产经营职能分开，（3）国有资产经营公司、集团公司等机构的资本经营职能和被其控股、持股企业的一般生产经营职能分开。要继续推行资产经营责任制，对国有企业领导班子既要赋赋予应有的权利，又要实行必要的监督。明年底以前要完成一批国有资产经营主体的组建和经营授权，特别是要积极推动电力、航运、交通、外贸、医药等行业国有控股公司的设立。根据中央的部署选择少数企业经济管理部门作为机构调整和改革的试点，按照建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求，认真转变职能。
（三）加快推进社会保障制度改革，建立完善全省统一的社会保险管理体制。计划在明后两年基本建立起覆盖各类企业和个体劳动者，以社会统筹和个人帐户相结合为基本特征的养老保险制度，失业、工伤保险也要扩大到域乡各类企业的职工。搞好计划生育、医疗保险制度试点。进一步加强社会保险基金的监督和管理。
（四）理顺财政管理体制。遵循中央分税制财政管理体制的基本方针和精神，从明年1月1日起，省与市实行“分税分成，水涨船高”的财政管理体制，并在执行中逐步探索建立科学规范的转移支付制度，设立省级财政专项基金，协调地区发展。
同时，还要积极推进投融资体制、流通体制、口岸体制和住房制度等改革。
第三，继续加强和改善宏观调控，为经济发展创造良好的环境和秩序。
一是控制通胀的任务不放松，力度不减，力争把物价涨幅控制在10%以内，重点是继续完善各级政府价格控制目标责任制，在各市进一步健全和完善粮食价格风险基金、价格调节基金、重要商品储备制度：整顿重点商品和服务价格秩序，抓紧完善各项价格管理制度；加强市场管理，依法管理收费，彻底清理乱涨价、乱收费。治理乱收费工作要切实落实各级政府和有关部门行政首长责任制，加大监督检查力度，全面推行“两证一票一卡”制度，凡行政、司法机关和事业单位的收费，都必须凭物价部门颁发的《收费许可证》，《收费员上岗证》和财政部门制定的收据收费，收费单位与缴费人建立收费监督卡制度。通过治理，使所有内外资企业收费负担由目前占产值的2.5%降至1%以内，房地产收费负担由目前占商品房开发成本的30-40%降至20%以内。
二是按优化投资结构，提高投资效益的方针，合理确定固定资产投资总量，集中力量保重点。要在继续注意经济总量平衡的前提下，着力调整投资结构，集中资金加强农业和水利、能源、交通、通信等基础设施和若干骨干项目的建设，保证明年29个重点项目的建设和投产，要加大技改投资比重，改变技改投资下降的状况。继续清理房地产占压资金，严格控制房地产开发总规模和新开工项目，实施项目资本金制度，加强投资项目的全过程管理和对投资运行的监控。
三是加强统筹规划，注意区域经济、人口、环境的平衡与协调发展。明年要在抓好珠江三角洲经济区规划实施的同时，组织好山区和东西两翼地区的发展规划和基础设施建设，山区突出抓好以土地、林果、矿产、水电等资源开发为主的开发性农业和农副产品加工业。要抓住京九、广梅汕铁路开通的机遇，做好生产力布局规划，加快沿线地区的经济发展，形成东西两翼的新经济增长带。同时，强化人口管理，推进计划生育经常化，提高计划生育率，强化城乡规划建设管理和加强环境保护，实现经济和社会可持续发展。
四是大力整顿和加强财经纪律，维护正常的经济秩序。明年要按照中央的统一部署，把整顿和加强财经纪律、打击经济犯罪行为作为一项重要任务来抓，当前，要按照国务院有关通知精神，认真抓好财经纪律大检查，重点是检查两本帐、骗税、套汇、走私、私设“小金库”等违法犯罪活动以及公职人员的严重违纪行为。对检查中发现的各种案件，要按照有关法律法规认真查处，做到有法必依，执法必严，违法必究，通过检查，进一步健全规章制度，强化监督管理。要继续从严控制消费基金过快增长，加强金融监管和出口退税管理，管好用好各项财政资金。今后，凡是违法违纪的，不但要严肃查处责任人，而且要迫究主要领导人的责任，要建立起正常的经济秩序，保证经济健康发展。
第四，加快资全结构的调整优化，千方百计提高资金使用效益。
明年国家仍将实行适度从紧的货币政策，资金不足的状况将会随经济增长而继续存在。在信贷资金总量控制、增量有限的情况下，必须十分注重提高资金投入产出效益，大力调整信贷结构，进一步盘活存量，用好增量，支持经济稳健发展，要着重从三个方面下功夫：
一是努力拓宽融资渠道，扩大资金来源，增加资金供应。在金融机构大力推广金融电子化，采取多种形式开拓新品种业务，大力吸储，保证存款大幅度增长，在强化监管、依法规范经营的前提下，加快发展我省资金市场，重点是大力发展票据贴现二级市场，推广商业票据信用化，使之成为资金融通的主要方式之一；完善和发展同业拆借市场，加快建设以广东融资中心为龙头的融资网络，扩大金融机构的参与和交易量，使之成为全国最重要的融资中心之一；要通过发展全省证券柜台交易网络市场，争取批准发展一批投资基金公司，选择一些信用和效益好的企业经批准发行企业债券等，扩大直接融资，筹集社会游资，搞活资本市场。搞好外汇和保险市场建设，积极探索合理运用保险基金进行投资的方式及管理办法，筹集建设资金，采取各种形式争取全国性的金融机构到广东设分支机构：积极争取批准引进更多的外资金融机构并组建一批城市与农村合作银行。进一步发挥地方金融机构和海外机构在筹集资金方面的作用。
二是把准资金投向，扶优限劣，有松有紧，确保重点资金需求。要保证信贷资金投向的正确性，管好用活资金。固定资产贷款首先要保列入国家和省的重点建设和技改项目；对通过各种渠道转到房地产上的贷款要严格控制和清理，流动资金贷款要按“扶优扶强、产品有销路、资金能返还”的原则，先保有市场、有效益的企业生产经营，农副产品收购和出口收购，支持大企业集团发展，并采取措施确保流动资金到位后不移位。地方金融机构要在资金运用上各有侧重地支持我省基础设施、基础产业、高新技术产业和“三高”农业发展。
三是加快建立信贷资金“借用还”的良性循环机制，加速资金周转。加强省、市、县各级政府与银行在资金运用方面的协调，互相配合，共向管好、用好、用活资金的措施和办法。在全省实施《广东区域信用资产评级办法》，对各地区、各企业的信用、效益、还本付息、资金周转等指标进行定期评价和公布，以指导金融机构放贷。在商业银行加快推行资产负债和风险管理，实行审贷分离制度，减少不良贷款，提高信贷资金的质量和效益。
第五，努力提高开放水平，大力拓展国内外市场。
明年，国家将对进出口税收政策和加工贸易管理办法进行调整，我省外贸出口和利用外资工作要变压力为动力，克服困难，再创佳绩，要及早抓调整，努力朝高起点、全方位、多元化开放模式转化，把扩大对外开放的着重点切实放到优化结构和提高效益上来。具体要实行四个优化调整：（1）产品结构优化调整，改变过去以量取胜的做法，更多地发展技术含量高、附加值高的机电产品、电子产品和深加工的轻纺产品出口，坚持以质取胜。（2）市场布局优化调整。在巩固港澳市场的同时，大力开拓南美、非洲、中东市场.进一步扩大北美、欧共体、日本和东南亚市场，力争对港澳以外的远洋市场出口增长20%以上。（3）战略战术优化调整。利用进口关税大幅度调低之机，实行进出口贸易相结合发展，积极推行出口代理制：设法组织外贸企业与外国大财团、跨国公司合作，利用其资金和销售渠道，扩大我省产品出口，在利用外资方面，要进一步改善投资环境，引导、调整外资投向，改进招商引资方式，提供优良服务，吸引更多的国外大财团和外商来投资，提高利用外壳的质量和效益。 （4）组织机制优化调整。加快外经贸现代企业制度建设步伐，实行贸工、贸农、贸技结合，推进规模经营，外经贸系统要组建几家年进出口额超过10亿元的企业集团，与此同时，外贸出口要切实抓好扭亏增盈，提高效益，继续采取“八个一点”的措施，即加强出口秩序管理，出口价格卖高一点；与生产部门、物价部门加强协调，出口货物收购价降低一点；加强企业内部管理，经营费用减少一点；开展多种经营，收入增加一点；灵活使用“先结汇后出货”及贴现，使资金困难缓解一点；大力发展“三来一补”业务，使生产困难多解决一点；鼓励“三资”企业多出口，使出口退税压力减少一点；各部门各市县通力合作，大家把困难分担一点。在扩大对外开放中，经济特区要进一步提高整体素质，努力增创新优势，更好地发挥示范、辐射和带动作用。沿海开放城市、珠江三角洲开放带和广大山区也要进一步提高对外开放水平，促进经济更上一层楼。
要加大开拓国内市场的力度。大力发展连锁商业和推行代理制，落实粮食系统政策性业务与商业性经营两线运作机制；以抓批发市场建设为龙头，加快全省大中城市大商场和大型农副产品批发市场建设速度：扩大省际间、区域间的经济合作和贸易往来。明年要由省贸委组织，在一些地区举办大型商品博览会，进行“广货”促销活动。
第六，积极实施“科教兴国”战略，为经济增长方式的转变创造基础性条件。人才和技术是经济升级转型和持续发展的支撑力量，要认真实施“科教兴国”战略，争取形成与经济紧密结合的先进的科教基础，明年要着重抓五方面：一是重点培育和发展信息技术、光机电一体化技术、生物技术、新材料技术、新能源技术和海洋开发技术等六大领域的高技术产业；二是抓好珠江三角洲基础信息工程网络等一批科技产业工程实施和科技成果的推广应用，力争科技进步对经济增长的贡献率达到40%以上；三是全省明年基本普及九年义务教育，大中城市和珠江三角洲经济区率先抓普及高中阶段教育；四是加快发展各类职业和成人教育，采取多种形式搞好在职培训；五是加强企业领导班子的建设和企业管理人才的培养，造就一支政治素质好，业务水平高，勇于开拓，廉洁自律的优秀企业家队伍。要对国有大中型企业的厂长（经理）、党委书记和“三总师”进行系统培训，形成对企业领导干部的挑选、培养、管理和监督的有效机制。
第七，切实抓好当前的几项工作。
一是要认真抓好元旦、春节期间的市场供应，控制好市场物价。一方面，要保证节日期间粮、油、糖、肉、鱼、莱等商品的供应，省、市、县各主管部门要密切注视市场情况，加强统筹安排，大力组织调运，保证渠道畅顺，保持市场繁荣。另一方面，各单位要防止滥发奖金津贴，坚决制止年终突击花钱，今年物价水平虽然可望略低于控制目标，但要着眼于明年，如果元旦到春节市场物价大幅度上升，就可能影响明年的物价增长幅度，对此决不可掉以轻心。
二是要特别注意安全生产，防止出现重大事故。现在正值风高物燥时期，又临近大节，每发生一宗事故，都影响很大。各地要认真组织好以防火为重点的安全大检查，落实安全生产责任制，切实采取保证安全生产和防火的各项措施，防止各种灾害事故的发生。
三是要安排好春节前后企业生产和就地过节民工生活及疏导“民工潮”工作。春运期间客货运流量大，要精心组织，保证安全、畅通。希望各方面同心协力，把这项工作抓早、抓紧、抓好。
四是要重视维护社会稳定。各级党委和政府负责同志要深入基层，深入群众，访贫问苦，关心贫困地区和困难企业群众的生活，开展“送温暖”活动，积极想办法帮助他们解决生活困难问题，同时，要加强社会治安综合治理。对最近有些地方出现的抢劫、勒索、假冒诈骗、车匪路霸、开赌场、贩毒等违法犯罪案件，要加大打击和整治的力度，确保一方平安，让广大人民群众过上一个快乐、祥和、安宁的元旦和春节。
同志们，1996年是实施“九五”计划的头一年，也是实现我国跨世纪中长期战略规划的第一年，改革和发展的任务十分繁重，我们要在邓小平同志建设有中国特色社会主义理论和党的基本路线指引下，在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央领导下，统一思想，开拓进取，扎实工作，为把明年的经济工作做好而努力。
英文翻译
Editor’s note
The purpose of forwarding this Guangdong Provincial Government Gazette is that this speech by Guangdong Governor Zhu Senlin can confirm the factional relationship between Zhu Rongji, Zhang Gaoli, and Lin Shusen.
Provincial Government Gazette > 1996 > Issue 1
Pay close attention to two fundamental changes and do a good job in economic work next year
——Governor Zhu Senlin’s speech at the provincial economic work conference (abstract)
(December 21, 1995)
Guangdong Fuzi [1995] No. 56
Comrades:
The main task of this provincial economic work conference is to implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and study and deploy the economic work of our province in 1996. Comrade Xie Fei will also make an important speech at the end of the meeting. Now, let me talk about a few issues first.
- Earnestly study and understand the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, clearly understand the situation, and clarify requirements
From December 5 to 7, 1995, the Party Central Committee and the State Council held the Central Economic Work Conference in Beijing. Members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, principal responsible comrades of relevant central departments, and principal responsible party and government officials of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and cities under separate state planning were at home. Comrades and others attended the meeting. The meeting of our province was attended by myself, Vice Governor Zhang Gaoli and Comrade Lin Shusen, Director of the Planning Commission. This was a very important meeting. The main task of the meeting is to implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and study and deploy the economic work in 1996. At the beginning of the meeting, General Secretary Jiang Zemin made an important speech on “Unify our thinking, work together, forge ahead, stress practical results, and do a good job in economic work next year.” At the end of the meeting, Vice Premier Zhu Rongji made a concluding speech on “Keep up the good work and do a good job in economic work next year.” The speech of the central leaders fully affirmed the major achievements in economic construction this year, pointed out the existing problems in the current economic work in a realistic and realistic manner, and put forward the overall requirements and main requirements for next year’s economic work based on a far-sighted analysis of the domestic and international situation. The tasks are completely in line with the reality of our country, are very instructive, and point out the direction for us to do a good job in economic work next year. The main spirit of the meeting is:
(1) Analyzed the national economic situation this year.
The meeting held that the national economic situation this year is generally good, and the national economy has maintained a sustained, rapid, and healthy development momentum. Inflation has been initially suppressed, prices have dropped significantly, agriculture has achieved good harvests, and the production of major agricultural products has increased across the board. Industrial production has developed steadily amid structural adjustment. The growth rate of fixed asset investment has dropped significantly, key construction has been further strengthened, and the fiscal and financial situation has remained stable. The domestic market continues to be prosperous and active. Various economic system reforms centered on the reform of state-owned enterprises have made new progress. Foreign trade and the use of foreign investment were further expanded. The real income of urban and rural residents has grown steadily, and savings deposits have increased.
While fully affirming the achievements, the meeting pointed out that there are still many difficulties and problems in economic life. Some deep-seated contradictions have not been fundamentally alleviated, and there are still many exposed and latent problems, such as the unreasonable economic structure. The overall price level is still relatively high. Agriculture is still the weakest link in the national economy. Some state-owned enterprises have difficulties in production and operation, the economic order is relatively chaotic, and fiscal discipline is loose. These problems must not be underestimated, careless, or taken lightly.
(2) The overall requirements and main macro-control objectives for next year’s economic work were put forward.
The meeting determined that the overall requirements for economic work in 1996 are: adhere to Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the party’s basic line, implement the basic policy of “seizing opportunities, deepening reform, expanding opening up, promoting development, and maintaining stability”, Correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, actively promote the transformation of the economic system and economic growth mode, conscientiously implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, continue to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, do a good job in the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, strengthen and improve macro-control, and further reduce prices. increase the rate of increase, strive to improve the level of opening to the outside world, promote sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy and overall social progress, and lay a good foundation for the comprehensive realization of the tasks of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan”.
The meeting emphasized that we must closely grasp the key link of transformation of the economic system and economic growth mode in economic work next year and in the future. This is a major decision made by the central government based on a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of my country’s economic and social development and its objective trends, and requires all parties to Leading comrades at all levels must clearly understand the main connotation, basic requirements and significance of these two fundamental changes, as well as their mutual relationship, truly enhance their consciousness and sense of urgency, and truly reflect it in all aspects of economic work next year and in the future. , we must make significant progress during the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” period.
(3) The main tasks of economic work in 1996 were clarified
The meeting determined that there are four areas of focus for next year’s economic work:
First, continue to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, and truly put agriculture first in leadership energy, work deployment and planning arrangements, rather than just verbally. It is necessary to uphold and improve the party’s basic policies in rural areas, deepen rural reforms, and solve outstanding problems that affect farmers’ enthusiasm, including appropriately increasing the price of grain purchases, stabilizing fertilizer prices, reducing unreasonable burdens, increasing agricultural input through multiple channels, and striving to achieve efficient agricultural production. new growth.
The second is to effectively accelerate the pace of state-owned enterprise reform, continue to do a good job in the pilot work of establishing a modern enterprise system, carry out various supporting reforms, focus on improving the state-owned economy as a whole, actively promote the reasonable flow and reorganization of state-owned assets, and do a good job in large-scale Enterprises and enterprise groups should liberalize and activate general small state-owned enterprises in order to achieve greater breakthroughs and progress in enterprise reform.
The third is to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, continue to take the suppression of inflation as the primary task of apparent control, implement moderately tight fiscal and monetary policies, adjust the structure, focus on combating “dispersion”, ensure key points, and straighten out and standardize income distribution. relations, rectify financial disciplines, crack down on economic crimes, and create a good economic environment and economic order.
The fourth is to strive to improve the level of opening up to the outside world, put the focus of expanding opening up on optimizing the structure and improving efficiency, and continue to adjust and improve the import and export tax policy next year: first, further reduce the tariff rate, and strive to use two years to The tariff rate will be reduced to the level equivalent to that of developing countries. In principle, the reduction and exemption of import tariffs and import link taxes will be stopped in principle: Second, the tax refund rate for export goods will be further reduced. The new tax refund method will ensure full tax refund, and at the same time It will take two years to pay off the accumulated tax refund arrears: Third, implement a deposit ledger supervision system for imported materials and parts for processing trade. The meeting also emphasized the need to run the special economic zones better.
Leaders at all levels in the province must conscientiously study the important speeches of Comrades Jiang Zemin, Li Peng and Zhu Rongji, further unify their thoughts to the central government’s principles and policies, unify them to the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, and recognize the urgency of achieving two fundamental changes. , to enhance confidence in reform and development. In the new year, in accordance with the requirements of the Central Committee, we must concentrate on economic construction, reform and opening up, spiritual civilization construction and party building. We must carry forward the Party’s fine tradition of hard work, keep in mind the Party’s mass views and mass line, adhere to diligence and thrift, oppose formalism, bureaucracy, extravagance and waste, power-seeking and other trends, be down-to-earth, work hard, go deep into reality, and go deep into the masses, We will do a good job in investigation and research, implement various measures, implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference in a down-to-earth manner, and complete various tasks in 1996.
- The basic situation of our province’s economic work this year
This year, like the whole country, Guangdong’s overall economic situation is good. Party committees and governments at all levels in the province conscientiously implement the basic policy of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on “seizing opportunities, deepening reform, expanding opening up, promoting development, and maintaining stability”, firmly grasp the mutual relationship between reform, development, and stability, strengthen and improve Macroeconomic control, active promotion of various reforms, extensive implementation of the “Year of Quality and Efficiency” activities, and efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth. The national economy has maintained steady development, and major economic indicators have basically reached the targets set at the beginning of the year. The GDP for the whole year is expected to increase by about 15% compared with last year.
(1) Macroeconomic control has basically achieved the target. It is expected that the total retail sales of consumer goods for the whole year will increase by 24.2% compared with last year: the total retail price index for the whole year will increase by about 12%, which is nearly 7 percentage points lower than last year and lower than the 13% target raised at the beginning of the year. Regulation target: Fixed asset investment increased by 13% compared with last year, and the growth rate dropped by 18.4 percentage points. The investment structure continues to improve. The construction of 30 key projects is progressing relatively smoothly. 8 fully invested projects can be completed as scheduled. Among them, the Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Railway is fully operational one year ahead of schedule. Fiscal and tax revenue continues to grow, with industrial and commercial tax revenue expected to grow by 17.5% throughout the year, and local fiscal revenue growing by 20.6%. Monetary and credit operations are in good condition. 450,000 unemployed people will be reemployed throughout the year, and the urban unemployment rate is expected to be around 2.2% by the end of the year.
(2) Reform and opening up have made new progress. The work of liquidating assets and capital of 13,767 state-owned enterprises in the province has basically been completed and has entered the stage of defining property rights. The reform of the enterprise’s internal labor and employment system has progressed rapidly, and 95% of employees have implemented the labor contract system. 112 of the 250 pilot enterprises to establish a modern enterprise system have passed the plan and put it into practice. The preliminary work for forming 50 comprehensive large enterprise groups has begun, focusing on pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance, and medical systems. The pace of reform has accelerated, and the coverage of social security has been further expanded. The reform of government institutions, the rural joint-stock cooperative system, and the comprehensive reform of counties and small towns have all achieved phased results.
Foreign economic and trade work has achieved new results under new problems and new circumstances. It is expected that exports for the whole year will increase by 17.9% over the same period last year. It is expected that nearly 7,000 new foreign investment contracts will be signed, and the actual utilization of foreign investment will be 11.6 billion US dollars, an increase of 1.2% over the same period last year, of which 1,000 400 projects worth more than 10,000 US dollars. There has been new progress in utilizing foreign capital in agriculture and high-tech industries.
Inter-regional and inter-provincial horizontal economic alliances have been further strengthened, and 10 city (district) economic cooperation zones have been established in eastern Guangdong, southwestern Fujian, and southeastern Jiangxi; the results of exploring the southwest and northeastern markets have been gratifying; counterpart support has been provided to the Linzhi region of Tibet and Wushan County of Sichuan Get good results at work.
(3) The basic position of agriculture has been further strengthened. The whole society invested more than 60 billion yuan in agriculture throughout the year, of which 5.63 billion yuan was invested in farmland water conservancy construction. Grain production received further attention. The annual grain planting area was 50.525 million acres, an increase of 934,000 acres over last year. A bumper harvest, with a yield of 355 kilograms per unit, a record high, and a total output of 17.932 million tons, an increase of 1.305 million tons over last year, exceeding the provincial government’s responsibility goals of 50 million acres of sown area and a total output of 17.5 million tons. The “Three Highs” agriculture has emerged as a new trend towards large-scale, entrepreneurial and export-oriented development, and the forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery industries have comprehensively increased production and income. There are 22 counties (districts) that have passed the acceptance of the well-off standards. Completed the relocation of 140,000 people in the limestone area. The total agricultural output value for the whole year is expected to increase by 5.7% over the previous year; the per capita net income of farmers will reach 2,650 yuan, an increase of 468 yuan over the previous year.
(4) The quality and efficiency of industrial production have been improved. The total industrial output value for the whole year is expected to be 933 billion yuan, an increase of 25% over the previous year. The production and sales rate of industrial products is 95%. The comprehensive economic efficiency index of state-owned industrial enterprises within the budget from January to October was 110.96%. At the beginning of the year, the provincial government proposed 10 quantitative indicators for the quality and efficiency of the province’s industrial growth, 5 of which were overfulfilled, and 3 of which were basically achieved. Among the province’s 100 key enterprises that have turned around, 10 have now turned their losses into profits, and 28 have significantly reduced their losses. . There are 73 enterprises in our province among the 500 enterprises with the best comprehensive industrial evaluation in the country.
In addition, a lot of work has been done in relying on scientific and technological progress. The province invested 4.72 billion yuan to implement 258 “Spark” and “Torch” plan projects. In 1995, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to economic growth further increased.
While affirming the achievements that have been made, we must also clearly see that there are still many outstanding problems in the economic operation of our province: First, some enterprises have poor economic returns. The cumulative total of state-owned enterprises within the province’s budget from January to November The loss amount and loss area increased by 47.2% and 7.8% respectively. This is due to both external environmental problems and its own management problems. Second, funds are still in short supply. On the one hand, there is insufficient loan increment; on the other hand, there is serious accumulation of funds, the problem of multi-corner debt is prominent, and the efficiency of the use of funds is not high. Third, regional economic development is unbalanced. According to the new standards, there are still 800,000 people in the province who need to be lifted out of poverty. Fourth, foreign trade exports suffered losses due to insufficient tax rebate indicators and tax rate adjustments, and export growth declined in the second half of the year. Fifth, economic criminals used Guangdong ports to conduct illegal arbitrage, tax refund fraud and other illegal and criminal activities, disrupting the economic order. We must attach great importance to the above problems and seriously solve them.
- Main indicators and tasks of economic work in 1996
According to the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Economic Work Conference and the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Provincial Party Committee, the main indicator requirements for the province’s economic work next year are initially arranged: GDP growth of about 11%; Output value increased by 5%; total industrial output value increased by 18%; total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 20%; fiscal revenue increased by 10%; price increases were controlled within 10%; fixed asset investment and total exports were both the same as this year. This arrangement mainly takes into account the national macroeconomic environment and is consistent with the requirements of our province’s “Ninth Five-Year Plan”; it should not only reflect a proactive spirit, but also pay attention to practical results, which is conducive to creating a comparative Relaxed environment.
It is crucial to do a good job in the first year of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. We must conscientiously implement the overall requirements for economic work in 1996 proposed by the Central Committee, firmly grasp the two fundamental changes in the economic system and economic growth mode, and persist in We should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth, strengthen the foundation, deepen reforms, improve regulation, and strive to get the economic work off to a good start and create a good start for the comprehensive completion of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan”. Next year’s economic work must focus on The following aspects:
First, further strengthen the basic position of agriculture and strive to achieve greater development of the rural economy.
Agriculture is an important foundation for economic stability and social stability, and is the focus and difficulty of all economic work. The entire province must truly put strengthening agriculture in the first place in developing the national economy. The top leaders of the party and government at all levels, especially the county party committee secretaries and county magistrates, must focus on agriculture and rural work. Leading comrades in charge of other work must also provide more support to all levels of agriculture in studying and deploying economic work and formulating plans. First, agriculture must be arranged. In accordance with the requirements of the central government, in the future, when assessing the work of leadership groups at all levels, we must first look at how agriculture is developing, how much farmers’ income has increased, and whether the countryside is stable.
Grain production is the “top priority”. Next year we must work hard to “stabilize the area, increase the yield per unit area, and increase the total output.” The annual grain sown area should be stabilized at 50 million acres, and the total output should strive to reach 36.0-37 billion kilograms. We will vigorously promote improved seeds and methods, continue to transform low-yield fields, improve production conditions, and strive to increase unit yields. It is necessary to extend the experience of mountainous counties such as Xinyi and Chaoan counties in realizing “Tongu counties” to the whole province, and strive to have more counties enter the ranks of “Tongu counties”. Establish a “big food” concept
In this regard, we will vigorously develop corn-based dry food crops and plant more than 1.5 million acres of corn throughout the year.
It is necessary to actively implement the strategy of “promoting agriculture through science and education”, continuously promote high-tech and agricultural scientific and technological achievements, and implement the “four modernizations” of intensive, large-scale, scientific and integrated agriculture, industry and trade operations. On the basis of the first batch of 43 agricultural dragon enterprises, the second batch of dragon enterprises will be developed next year. We will focus on the construction of agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery commodity bases, develop from “one town, one product” to “one county, several products”, and achieve regional layout and large-scale production. Continue to promote the use of foreign investment in agriculture and promote the development of the province’s agriculture in the direction of “three highs” and “four modernizations”.
We must do everything possible to increase investment in agriculture. Governments at all levels should further implement various measures to strengthen agriculture formulated by the central and provincial governments, increase the proportion of investment in agriculture and water conservancy as much as possible, and actively guide the secondary and tertiary industries to strengthen support for agriculture, and gradually form a system of using industry to supplement agriculture and using industry to support agriculture. A mechanism to build agriculture and lead agriculture through industry. Farmers are the main ones who increase investment in agriculture. We must further implement the policy of who invests and who benefits, adopt multiple methods and forms to absorb idle rural funds, and make full use of the advantages of the labor force to increase labor accumulation. We must also actively strive for the National Bank to increase agricultural and rural credit investment and strive to use loans from international financial organizations and foreign governments.
It is necessary to fight against poverty in the next two years, focusing on poverty alleviation in carboniferous areas, minority areas and reservoir immigrants, so that the absolute poverty problem of 800,000 people can basically be solved. At the same time, we will support management districts whose annual collective economic net income is less than 30,000 yuan to develop the collective economy.
It is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, effectively solve the problem of overburden on farmers, and do everything possible to increase farmers’ income. At the same time, we should actively explore new mechanisms to promote agricultural development. Where conditions permit, we can encourage the use of land use rights to invest in shares on a voluntary basis. Or paid transfer and other methods can guide the concentration of land to farming experts and promote moderate-scale land management. Next year, the province will establish some modern large-scale breeding farms in the form of cooperative systems. Township enterprises should gradually transform into joint-stock cooperative enterprises or joint-stock companies.
Second, actively promote various reforms focusing on the reform of state-owned enterprises.
(1) In accordance with the idea of “grasping the big ones and releasing the small ones”, we should do a good job of “three reforms and one strengthening” and increase the intensity of the reform of public-owned enterprises. The province’s 250 pilot enterprises for establishing a modern enterprise system must speed up the pace of the pilot in accordance with the requirements of “clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, separation of government and enterprises, and scientific management” and must make major breakthroughs in solving key and difficult issues. The pilot plan Most of the basic work identified must be completed by the end of next year. Deepening of enterprise reform must be combined with reorganization, transformation and strengthening of internal management, with transformation of economic growth patterns, and with strengthening of ideological and political work in enterprises. Further transform the operating mechanism, comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of the enterprise, and improve the ideological quality and professional quality of employees.
In accordance with the requirements of focusing on improving the entire state-owned economy and optimizing the distribution structure of state-owned assets, we must clarify the key areas, key industries and key enterprises for the development of the state-owned economy, adjust and optimize the industrial structure and product structure, and improve the overall quality of economic growth. While further improving the quality of traditional light industries such as electronics, household appliances, food, textiles, and medicine, it is necessary to appropriately develop backbone heavy chemical projects armed with modern technology such as automobile manufacturing, petrochemicals, steel, and machinery and equipment, and resolutely eliminate energy-intensive industries. Industries and products with large energy, serious pollution and poor economic returns. It is necessary to effectively implement the policies and measures of “supporting the excellent and supporting the strong” so that those industries and products that are truly beneficial can become new economic growth points. Strive to create 50-100 “Guangzhou goods” famous brands every year, and strive to identify about 10 high-tech famous brand products next year.
We must concentrate our efforts on a group of large enterprises and enterprise groups that are related to the lifeline of the national economy and reflect the overall economic strength of the province. In accordance with the requirements of the laws of market economy and the new characteristics of international competition, under the principle of combining enterprise voluntariness and government guidance, , based on the existing large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises with high quality, good profits and high potential, relying on leading enterprises, using asset relationships as the link, and using comparative interests as the driving force, and adopt the forms of alliances, mergers, acquisitions, shareholdings, holdings, etc. Break the boundaries between industries, regions, and domestic and foreign trade, expand its scale, form economies of scale advantages, and achieve economies of scale. We will strive to build about 50 large-scale enterprise groups in the next few years, and next year we will initially form 10 enterprise groups with an output value of 3-10 billion yuan.
It is necessary to open up and activate general state-owned small enterprises. For the reform of state-owned small enterprises, we must promote the experience of enterprise property rights reform in Shunde, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan and other places and Shenzhen Konka Group’s merger of complementary and difficult enterprises, insist on improving economic efficiency as the center, take public ownership as the main body, and act in accordance with economic laws , carry out property rights transfer, corporate reorganization and industrial adjustment. Different forms of reform can be adopted based on reality: (1) Mergers and mergers. Multiple companies with complementary relationships are formed into a limited liability company or a joint-stock company after asset evaluation and valuation; or the advantageous enterprise purchases the disadvantaged enterprise, the advantageous enterprise invests in the disadvantaged enterprise to control the disadvantaged enterprise, the disadvantaged enterprise converts assets into shares to participate in the advantageous enterprise, etc. . (2) Joint-stock cooperative system. For small-scale enterprises with low profitability, a joint-stock cooperative system can be implemented. (3) Leasing operation. On the premise of ensuring that the ownership of the enterprise remains unchanged, the enterprise owner can lease the entire enterprise assets or a part of them to the lessee. (4) Sale and transfer. Enterprise owners are allowed to transfer or sell all or part of the enterprise’s assets for a fee through agreement or auction, but the assets sold (including intangible assets) must be evaluated by a qualified intermediary agency, and the sale price is generally determined through the market or auction. Once the bidding is confirmed, the purchase price must be paid in principle in one lump sum. (5) Grafting transformation. Enterprises can invest all their assets in joint ventures with foreign or domestic investors, or invest part of their fixed assets and employees in grafting foreign capital with domestic capital. They can also choose an industry or a group of related enterprises to allocate resources in a unified manner and graft foreign capital or domestic capital for transformation. (6) Mortgage contracting: For small businesses and small stores, under the condition that the property ownership of the enterprise remains unchanged, the operating rights of the enterprise can be transferred to the contractor for a certain period of time for a fee. (7) Relocation reconstruction, using differential land rent, auctioning or developing real estate of factories of loss-making enterprises located in prosperous urban sections, and raising funds to build factories in the suburbs. (8) Bankruptcy: Enterprises that have no product prospects, suffer serious losses, are insolvent, and have no hope of turning around their losses will be subject to bankruptcy in accordance with the law. In short, we must vigorously promote the reform of public-owned small businesses and strive to have about 50% of public-owned small businesses complete transformation and transformation next year, and basically complete the reform the year after that. This work must be carefully organized, step-by-step, and orderly to prevent the rise of one supply and the loss of state-owned assets, and to effectively solve the problem of the livelihood of surplus employees.
(2) Combine the deepening of government institutional reform with the establishment of a new state-owned assets management, supervision and operation system with clearly defined powerful persons, promote the separation of government and enterprises, and realize the transformation of government functions. Through reform, we must achieve “three separations”: (1) Government The social and economic manager functions are separated from the state-owned asset owner functions. (2) The state-owned asset management functions are separated from the state-owned asset operating functions. (3) The capital operating functions of state-owned asset management companies, group companies and other institutions are separated from those controlled and held by them. The general production and operation functions of joint-stock enterprises are separated. It is necessary to continue to implement the asset management responsibility system, and the leadership teams of state-owned enterprises must be given their due rights and necessary supervision must be implemented. The formation and operation authorization of a number of state-owned asset management entities must be completed by the end of next year, and in particular, the establishment of state-owned holding companies in electric power, shipping, transportation, foreign trade, medicine and other industries must be actively promoted. According to the deployment of the central government, a small number of enterprise economic management departments are selected as pilot projects for institutional adjustment and reform, and functions are carefully transformed in accordance with the requirements of establishing a socialist market economic system.
(3) Accelerate the reform of the social security system and establish and improve a unified social insurance management system across the province. It is planned to basically establish a pension insurance system covering all types of enterprises and individual workers in the next two years, with the basic characteristics of combining social pooling and personal accounts. Unemployment and work-related injury insurance will also be expanded to employees of various enterprises in rural areas. We will implement pilot programs for family planning and medical insurance systems. Further strengthen the supervision and management of social insurance funds.
(4) Straighten out the financial management system. Following the basic principles and spirit of the central tax-sharing fiscal management system, starting from January 1 next year, provinces and cities will implement a fiscal management system of “tax sharing, a rising tide lifts all boats”, and will gradually explore the establishment of a scientific and standardized transfer payment system during implementation. Establish provincial-level financial special funds to coordinate regional development.
At the same time, we must actively promote reforms in the investment and financing system, circulation system, port system and housing system.
Third, continue to strengthen and improve macro-control to create a good environment and order for economic development.
First, the task of controlling inflation will not be relaxed or reduced, and efforts will be made to control price increases within 10%. The focus is to continue to improve the price control target responsibility system of governments at all levels, and to further improve and improve the food price risk fund and price adjustment fund in various cities. . Important commodity reserve system: rectify the price order of key commodities and services, and improve various price management systems; strengthen market management, manage fees in accordance with the law, and thoroughly clean up arbitrary price increases and charges. To combat arbitrary charges, we must effectively implement the responsibility system of administrative heads of governments at all levels and relevant departments, intensify supervision and inspection, and fully implement the “two certificates, one vote, and one card” system. All administrative and judicial agencies and public institutions must collect fees based on The “Charging License” issued by the price department, the “Toll Collection Personnel Certificate” and the receipt fees formulated by the financial department, the charging unit and the payer establish a charging supervision card system. Through governance, the fee burden of all domestic and foreign-funded enterprises will be reduced from the current 2.5% of the output value to less than 1%, and the real estate fee burden will be reduced from the current 30-40% of the commercial housing development cost to less than 20%.
Second, in accordance with the policy of optimizing the investment structure and improving investment efficiency, the total amount of fixed asset investment should be reasonably determined and efforts should be concentrated to ensure key points. On the premise of continuing to pay attention to the overall balance of the economy, we must focus on adjusting the investment structure, pool funds to strengthen the construction of agriculture, water conservancy, energy, transportation, communications and other infrastructure and several key projects, and ensure the construction and commissioning of 29 key projects next year. It is necessary to increase the proportion of investment in technological transformation and change the situation of declining investment in technological transformation. Continue to clean up the funds occupied by real estate, strictly control the total scale of real estate development and new projects, implement the project capital system, and strengthen the entire process management of investment projects and the monitoring of investment operations.
The third is to strengthen overall planning and pay attention to the balanced and coordinated development of regional economy, population, and environment. Next year, while implementing the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone plan, we must organize the development planning and infrastructure construction of the mountainous areas and the east and west wing areas. In the mountainous areas, we must focus on the development of land, forest fruits, minerals, hydropower and other resources. Agriculture and agricultural and sideline products processing industry. It is necessary to seize the opportunity of the opening of the Beijing-Kowloon and Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou railways, plan the layout of productivity, accelerate the economic development of areas along the lines, and form a new economic growth belt on the east and west wings. At the same time, we will strengthen population management, promote regular family planning, increase the family planning rate, strengthen urban and rural planning and construction management, and strengthen environmental protection to achieve sustainable economic and social development.
The fourth is to vigorously rectify and strengthen financial discipline and maintain normal economic order. Next year, we must follow the unified deployment of the central government and regard rectifying and strengthening financial discipline and combating economic crimes as an important task. At present, we must follow the spirit of the relevant notice of the State Council and earnestly carry out financial discipline inspections, focusing on the inspection of the two accounts. , tax fraud, arbitrage, smuggling, privately setting up “small treasury” and other illegal and criminal activities, as well as serious disciplinary violations by public officials. Various cases discovered during inspections must be carefully investigated and dealt with in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, so that laws must be followed, law enforcement must be strict, and violations must be investigated. Through inspections, regulations and systems must be further improved and supervision and management strengthened. It is necessary to continue to strictly control the excessive growth of consumer funds, strengthen financial supervision and export tax rebate management, and manage and use various fiscal funds well. From now on, for those who violate laws and disciplines, not only the responsible persons must be severely investigated and punished, but also the main leaders must be held accountable, and a normal economic order must be established to ensure healthy economic development.
Fourth, accelerate the adjustment and optimization of the capital structure and do everything possible to improve the efficiency of capital use.
Next year, the country will still implement a moderately tight monetary policy, and the shortage of funds will continue to exist as the economy grows. When the total amount of credit funds is controlled and the increment is limited, we must attach great importance to improving the efficiency of capital input and output, vigorously adjust the credit structure, further revitalize the stock, make good use of the increment, and support the steady development of the economy. We must focus on three aspects. effort:
First, efforts should be made to broaden financing channels, expand funding sources, and increase funding supply. Vigorously promote financial electronics in financial institutions, adopt various forms to develop new types of businesses, vigorously attract deposits, and ensure a substantial increase in deposits. Under the premise of strengthening supervision and standardizing operations in accordance with the law, we will accelerate the development of our province’s capital market, focusing on vigorously developing bills. Discount the secondary market, promote the credit of commercial bills, and make it one of the main methods of financial financing; improve and develop the interbank lending market, accelerate the construction of a financing network led by the Guangdong Financing Center, and expand the participation and transaction volume of financial institutions. Make it one of the most important financing centers in the country; it is necessary to expand direct financing by developing the province’s securities over-the-counter online market, seeking approval to develop a number of investment fund companies, selecting some companies with good credit and profitability to issue corporate bonds with approval, etc. , raise social hot capital and invigorate the capital market. Do a good job in building the foreign exchange and insurance markets, actively explore ways and management methods for rational use of insurance funds for investment, raise construction funds, and adopt various forms to win over national financial institutions to set up branches in Guangdong: actively seek approval to introduce more foreign capital Financial institutions and the establishment of a number of urban and rural cooperative banks. Further leverage the role of local financial institutions and overseas institutions in raising funds.
The second is to invest the quasi-funds in the right direction, support the good and limit the bad, and ensure the key funding needs. It is necessary to ensure the correctness of the investment direction of credit funds and manage the active funds well. Fixed asset loans must first be included in the national and provincial key construction and technological transformation projects; loans transferred to real estate through various channels must be strictly controlled and cleaned up, and working capital loans must be based on the principle of “supporting the best, supporting the strong, and having marketable products.” Based on the principle of “the funds can be returned”, we must first maintain the market and efficient enterprise production and operation, purchase agricultural and sideline products and export purchases, support the development of large enterprise groups, and take measures to ensure that working capital does not shift once it is in place. Local financial institutions should use funds to support the development of our province’s infrastructure, basic industries, high-tech industries and the “three highs” agriculture with different emphasis.
The third is to accelerate the establishment of a virtuous cycle mechanism of “borrowing and repaying” credit funds to accelerate capital turnover. Strengthen the coordination between provincial, municipal and county governments and banks in the use of funds, cooperate with each other, and jointly implement measures and methods to manage, utilize and utilize funds effectively. The “Guangdong Regional Credit Asset Rating Measures” will be implemented throughout the province, and the credit, efficiency, principal and interest repayment, capital turnover and other indicators of each region and enterprise will be regularly evaluated and published to guide financial institutions in lending. Accelerate the implementation of asset-liability and risk management in commercial banks, implement a system of separation of review and loan, reduce non-performing loans, and improve the quality and efficiency of credit funds.
Fifth, strive to improve the level of openness and vigorously expand
Domestic and foreign markets.
Next year, the state will adjust the import and export tax policies and processing trade management methods. Our province’s foreign trade exports and utilization of foreign investment must turn pressure into motivation, overcome difficulties, and achieve greater results. We must make adjustments as early as possible and strive to achieve a high starting point and all-round development. , Transform the diversified opening-up model, and put the focus of expanding opening-up on optimizing the structure and improving efficiency. Specifically, four optimization adjustments must be implemented: (1) Optimize and adjust the product structure, change the past practice of winning by quantity, develop more exports of mechanical and electrical products, electronic products and deeply processed light textile products with high technical content and high added value, and persist in Win with quality. (2) Optimization and adjustment of market layout. While consolidating the Hong Kong and Macao markets, we will vigorously explore markets in South America, Africa, and the Middle East. We will further expand markets in North America, the European Community, Japan, and Southeast Asia, and strive to increase exports to ocean-going markets other than Hong Kong and Macao by more than 20%. (3) Optimization and adjustment of strategies and tactics. Take advantage of the significant reduction in import tariffs, implement the combined development of import and export trade, and actively promote the export agency system: try to organize foreign trade enterprises to cooperate with foreign large consortiums and multinational companies, use their funds and sales channels to expand the export of our province’s products, In terms of utilizing foreign capital, it is necessary to further improve the investment environment, guide and adjust the direction of foreign investment, improve investment attraction methods, provide excellent services, attract more large foreign consortiums and foreign businessmen to invest, and improve the quality and efficiency of the use of shells. (4) Optimization and adjustment of organizational mechanisms. Accelerate the construction of a modern enterprise system for foreign economic and trade, implement the integration of trade, industry, agriculture, and trade and technology, and promote large-scale operations. The foreign economic and trade system must establish several enterprise groups with an annual import and export volume of more than 1 billion yuan. At the same time, foreign trade exports must Efforts should be made to turn around losses and increase profits, improve efficiency, and continue to adopt the “eight-point” measures, that is, strengthen export order management and sell export prices higher; strengthen coordination with the production department and price department, lower the purchase price of export goods; strengthen enterprise Internal management can reduce operating expenses; carry out diversified operations and increase income; flexibly use “settlement first and then ship” and discounting to alleviate financial difficulties; vigorously develop the “three come and one supplement” business to solve more production difficulties One point; encourage “foreign-funded” enterprises to export more, so as to reduce the pressure of export tax rebates; all departments, cities and counties should work together to share the difficulties. In the process of expanding opening up to the outside world, special economic zones should further improve their overall quality, strive to increase their innovative advantages, and better play their role of demonstration, radiation and leadership. Coastal open cities, the Pearl River Delta open zone and vast mountainous areas must also further improve their level of opening up to the outside world and promote their economy to a higher level.
It is necessary to increase efforts to develop the domestic market. Vigorously develop chain commerce and promote the agency system, and implement the two-line operation mechanism of policy business and commercial operation in the grain system; take the construction of wholesale markets as the leader and accelerate the construction of large shopping malls and large agricultural and sideline products wholesale markets in large and medium-sized cities across the province: Expand Economic cooperation and trade between provinces and regions. Next year, the Provincial Trade Commission will organize large-scale commodity expos in some areas to carry out “Guangzhou goods” promotion activities.
Sixth, actively implement the strategy of “rejuvenating the country through science and education” to create basic conditions for the transformation of economic growth mode. Talents and technology are the supporting forces for economic upgrading, transformation and sustainable development. We must conscientiously implement the strategy of “rejuvenating the country through science and education” and strive to form an advanced science and education foundation that is closely integrated with the economy. Next year we must focus on five aspects: First, focus on cultivating and developing information technology High-tech industries in six major fields, including opto-mechanical and electrical integration technology, biotechnology, new material technology, new energy technology and ocean development technology; second, do a good job in the implementation and scientific and technological achievements of a number of scientific and technological industrial projects such as the Pearl River Delta Basic Information Engineering Network The promotion and application of science and technology progress will strive to contribute more than 40% to economic growth; third, the province will basically universalize nine-year compulsory education next year, and large and medium-sized cities and the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone will take the lead in universalizing high school education; fourth, accelerate the development of various vocational and adult education, and adopt various forms to provide on-the-job training; fifth, strengthen the construction of corporate leadership and the cultivation of corporate management talents, and create a team of outstanding entrepreneurs with good political quality, high professional level, courage to pioneer, integrity and self-discipline Team. It is necessary to conduct systematic training for factory directors (managers), party committee secretaries and “three chief engineers” of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to form an effective mechanism for the selection, training, management and supervision of enterprise leading cadres.
Seventh, we must do a good job in several current tasks.
First, we must conscientiously ensure market supply during New Year’s Day and Spring Festival and control market prices. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure the supply of grain, oil, sugar, meat, fish, rice and other commodities during the festival. Provincial, municipal and county authorities must pay close attention to the market situation, strengthen overall arrangements, vigorously organize transportation, and ensure smooth channels. Keep the market prosperous. On the other hand, all units must prevent the indiscriminate issuance of bonuses and subsidies and resolutely stop sudden spending at the end of the year. Although the price level this year is expected to be slightly lower than the control target, we must focus on next year. If market prices rise significantly from New Year’s Day to the Spring Festival, it may It will affect the price growth rate next year and must not be taken lightly.
Second, special attention should be paid to safe production to prevent major accidents. Now is the period when winds are high and things are dry, and the festival is approaching. Every accident that occurs has a great impact. All localities must carefully organize safety inspections focusing on fire prevention, implement the safety production responsibility system, and effectively take various measures to ensure safe production and fire prevention to prevent the occurrence of various disasters and accidents.
Third, we must make arrangements for enterprise production before and after the Spring Festival, the lives of migrant workers who celebrate the festival on the spot, and the work of easing the “migrant worker wave”. During the Spring Festival travel period, there is a large flow of passengers and freight, which must be carefully organized to ensure safety and smooth flow. We hope that all parties will work together to do this work early, quickly and well.
Fourth, we must pay attention to maintaining social stability. Responsible comrades of party committees and governments at all levels must go deep into the grassroots and the masses, visit the poor and ask questions, care about the lives of people in poverty-stricken areas and enterprises with difficulties, carry out “sending warmth” activities, and actively find ways to help them solve their difficult life problems. At the same time, they must strengthen Comprehensive management of social security. We must intensify efforts to crack down on and rectify illegal and criminal cases such as robbery, extortion, counterfeiting and fraud, car banditry, casino operations, drug trafficking, etc. that have recently appeared in some places to ensure safety and allow the general public to live a happy, peaceful and peaceful life. New Year’s Day and Spring Festival.
Comrades, 1996 is the first year of the implementation of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” and the first year of the realization of our country’s cross-century medium and long-term strategic plan. The tasks of reform and development are very arduous. We must build socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. Under the guidance of theory and the party’s basic line, and under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin as the core, we will unify our thinking, forge ahead, work hard, and strive to do a good job in economic work next year.